Gallium, indium and antimony toxicity and poisoning events

Except thallium, gallium, indium, and germanium are non-toxic metal. Antimony compounds and salts are generally toxic, especially strontium acetate (TlAc). The compounds and salts of gallium, indium and antimony are generally non-toxic or slightly toxic except for gallium halide and hydrazine hydride. Although they are ingested through the mouth or respiratory tract, except for a small part, they are stored in bones and internal organs. Most of them will be discharged with the urine.

To date, there have been fewer incidents of gallium, indium, antimony and antimony poisoning in the world.

Gallium poisoning

The semi-lethal dose LD ₅₀ is 10-100 mg/kg body weight. A female chemist was poisoned after exposure to GaF ₃ smog. The affected area found small bleeding spots, nerve pain, and muscle weakness. It disappeared within about 3 months after no longer touching. Gallium poisoning has no antidote. Some people are poisoned when producing GaAs. It is generally considered to be arsenic poisoning and detoxification with dithiopropanol.

Scorpion poisoning

The semi-lethal LD ₅₀ dose is 1-12 mg/kg (body weight) [the LD ₅₀ is said to be 10-15 mg/kg (body weight)]. There have been sputum poisoning incidents in foreign countries. For example, in 1933, 31 people in California in the United States were poisoned by flour milled with strontium salt. By 1934, there were 778 cases of cockroach poisoning, of which 46 died. Eating rice containing Tl ₂ SO ₄ rodenticide and poisoning, mental and motor abnormalities, movement disorders, convulsions, paralysis and visual impairment, 6 people and 1 person died after 16 days and 60 days after poisoning respectively; It was found that children were poisoned by salt pesticides, so the United States explicitly restricted the use of bismuth-containing pesticides in 1972. In 1995, China’s Zhu Ling, a student of Tsinghua University, was poisoned and became a vegetative person after the rescue. In 2001, a lead factory worker in North America was poisoned when cleaning the dirt of the factory boiler. Antipyretic poisoning can be oral Prussian blue and 15% mannitol liquid (more effective with laxative and potassium salt ); also used dithizone orally to complex Tl ⁺ to detoxify, but this method has a large side effect - triggered Diabetes, thyroid enlargement and damage to the eyes; also detoxification by intramuscular or intravenous injection of 2.3-dimercaptopropanol (CH ₂ SHCHSHCH ₂ OH).

Scorpion poisoning

The semi-lethal LD ₅₀ dose is 586-1000 mg/kg (body weight). In recent years, Japanese people have been poisoned for a long time with bismuth-containing drugs and foods, vomiting, weakness and atrophy of limbs, and anemia and renal function are not found in 30 cases, of which 8 died. The British Ministry of Health also explicitly banned peony. There is no special antidote to sputum poisoning, sometimes treated as a heavy metal poisoning, and it is separated from the source of the disease.

Metal Box