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(1) Technical factors of foundation pit accidents
     The main technical factors causing the collapse of the foundation pit are:
     1. The slope is too steep, especially in pits with poor soil quality and large excavation depth.
     2. The effect of water on the stability of the foundation pit is very serious. The rainwater and groundwater seepage into the foundation pit seriously disturb the soil, reduce the shear strength of the soil foundation, increase the weight, and the soil slope is unstable.
     3. Violation or overfilling or parking equipment and materials near the upper edge of the foundation pit.
     4. Due to the action of dynamic load, it causes overload or reduces the bearing capacity of the soil.
     5. Improper excavation or support measures or inadequate support.
(2) Management factors of foundation pit accidents
     The management factor of the foundation pit wreck refers to other factors than the construction plan. According to statistics, these factors are:
     1. The level of construction management is low, it is not sensitive to the key technologies of construction, and there is no attention to control or loss of control.
     2. The construction method is unfamiliar, the normative consciousness is poor, and the construction quality is not guaranteed.
     3. The construction equipment is old and the level of mechanization is low. The mechanical or labor operations involved are not standardized, and the technical grasp is not in place.
     4. The technology is unfamiliar, the construction plan is unreasonable; or the ability to respond is low, and the critical state cannot be judged and dealt with in time.
(3) Responsibility factors of foundation pit accidents
     Statistics show that the responsible party responsible for the foundation pit accident involves all participating units, including the construction party, the design party, the construction party and the supervision party. Sometimes in the event of a critical situation, the responsible parties push each other, delay or prevent the measures from being in place, and eventually lead to a shared responsibility accident. This shows that there are technical, management reasons and cognitive problems in the foundation pit wreck.
The inclined free surface formed by digging or filling around the foundation pit is called a slope. The stability of the slope is mainly maintained by the internal friction and cohesion of the soil itself and the support.