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After the oil crisis, Japan was forced by the situation to accelerate the pace of technological innovation and established a "principal technology research and development grant system" to encourage innovation. After 1980, Japan’s technology introduction gradually shifted from the high growth of the quantity to the new period of independent research and development.
MITI is the main department responsible for industrial innovation. In order to promote the development of the chemical industry, the department organized several large-scale R&D projects in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1966 to 1971, the company invested 2.6 billion yen to develop desulfurization technology. From 1967 to 1972, it spent 1.1 billion yen to research new technologies for producing olefins, and from 1969 to 1971, it invested 6.7 billion yen to study desalination of seawater and the use of by-products. After the energy crisis, Japan used a large amount of funds for the full use of raw materials and the development of new energy sources.
After experiencing the high-speed growth of science and technology in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan’s technological wings have become increasingly full, and the economy has already undergone the second large-scale upgrading of fixed assets and the increase in research funding, and it has gradually realized that The importance and necessity of basic research and technology development. In 1980, the Japanese government formally put forward the policy of "building a country through science and technology" in its "Science and Technology White Paper." It endeavored to make Japan move from the main introduction of foreign technology to the development of original and independent technology, and chemical independent innovation is one of the important contents.
Under this background, the research input of the Japanese chemical industry has grown rapidly. The Science and Technology Policy Research Institute of the Japan Science and Technology Agency believes that Japan’s research and development emphasizes technology and applications, and its scientific and technological strength is only half that of the United States. In order to reverse this situation, Japan proposed in 1995 that it is necessary to rely on "scientific and technological innovation to build the country" to make Japan a highly informatized big country, and "from technology-based nation-building" to "scientific innovation-based nation-building" is Japan's important strategy in the development of science and technology. change.
Since the 1990s, Japan’s chemical industry research and development work has gradually shifted its strategy to concentrate more of its efforts on basic research. In the distribution of research funds for Japanese chemical companies, basic research in the early 1980s accounted for 10.1%, accounting for 14.2% in 1992 and 14.3% in 1995. Since then, the funding for basic research has increased, and the proportion of application development has declined. In 1995, Japan’s chemical research funding accounted for 5.33% of sales, second only to the electronic machinery industry.
At present, Japan’s technical trade work continues to develop, and its chemical engineering technology ranks the world’s leading position in many aspects. Since the 1970s, the Japanese chemical industry has continuously increased its investment in scientific research under the guidance of a series of government policies. After a series of adjustments in industrial structure, the Japanese chemical industry has once again gained development. In 1990, the sales volume of chemical products in Japan was US$177.13 billion, accounting for 13.3% of the world's chemical sales. In 1995, it increased to US$255.28 billion and 18.6% respectively.
Japan has extensively used the advanced technological achievements of various countries in the world, promoted the overall innovation of Japan’s industrial sector’s production technology, and made technological innovation a new factor for productivity, greatly increased labor productivity, and quickly formed the existing productivity structure. The number of workers in Japan’s chemical industry has been decreasing since 1970. It has decreased by 16.6% during the 10 years from 1970 to 1980, but labor productivity has increased from an average of 28,000 U.S. dollars per person in 1970 to 1981. 19.43 million U.S. dollars per person.
Japan is a resource-poor country. 90% of chemical raw materials are imported. Currently, the bulk of basic chemical products account for 40% of annual production, while the high-tech fine chemical products account for about 60%. This kind of product structure shows that the Japanese chemical industry's pursuit of maximum additional value is the ultimate pursuit of continuous deep processing of products. This is the reason why the Japanese chemical industry's output value accounted for only 7.3% of the added value but accounted for 9.5%. The acquisition of high added value depends on the development of advanced chemical production technologies. Japan's experience is worth learning from China.
From the end of World War II to the early 1960s, Japan’s chemical industry focused on expanding its scale, and the technology needed relied mainly on import from abroad. After the 1960s, Japan emphasized that while continuing to introduce foreign technology, it has vigorously strengthened its own technology development and adopted a series of effective measures. The fact that Japan has become a powerful chemical nation in the world shows that the technology innovation strategy it implemented is successful.