With the help of biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins University, scientists spent years smashing DNA fragments together and have established the world's first synthetic yeast chromosome to help produce fakes, vaccines, biofuels, and even beer. The researchers showed that this achievement was one of the most important results of the field of yeast genetics since the scientists first mapped out the yeast DNA-encoding gene map in 1996. 
Former professor Johns Hopkins University professor Dr. Boeke explained that their research has achieved the transition from theoretical to practical aspects of synthetic biology, which is the most successful variable chromosome ever constructed, but this research is truly regarded as It is also a milestone that integrates this chromosome into a living yeast cell. They found that the yeast cells carrying this synthetic chromosome are quite normal. They are almost exactly the same as the wild yeast cells, but these cells have the ability that wild yeast does not have.
This study lasted for seven years and the constructed synIII chromosome contains 273, 871 base pairs, which is shorter than the original yeast 316,667 base pairs. Dr. Boeke and his team performed more than 500 changes on this chromosome, removing 47,841 duplicate pairs of DNA base pairs that are not useful for chromosome replication and growth. At the same time, the researchers also removed some sequences that were considered as junk DNA. In addition, researchers used marker DNA to add or change some sequences to distinguish them from naturally occurring ones.
Researchers say that using this technology, they can develop yeast synthesis strains faster for the production of rare substances, such as the treatment of malaria, or the production of certain vaccines, such as hepatitis B hepatitis. In addition, synthetic yeast can also be used to produce more efficient biofuels such as ethanol, butanol and biodiesel.