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The base material plays a crucial role in the performance of a screw tap, directly affecting its **quality and durability**. However, the importance of the tool doesn't end there—**surface treatments and coatings** also significantly influence its characteristics and overall quality. Since the surface is the part most exposed to wear and corrosion, most screw taps undergo some form of **surface treatment or coating** before being sold.
These treatments offer numerous benefits. They enhance **resistance to wear and environmental factors**, extending the tool’s lifespan. They also improve surface quality and allow for **higher cutting speeds**. Additionally, certain coatings are tailored for specific materials, making them ideal for challenging applications.
Today, there are many types and combinations of screw tap coatings available. If you're unsure which one suits your needs, don’t hesitate to reach out to BAER. We aim to provide clarity on the wide range of **tap coatings** available on the market.
### The Most Common Surface Treatments
Surface treatments modify the **material properties** of the screw tap without adding any external layers. Below are some of the most commonly used methods.
#### Nitriding
Nitriding involves exposing the screw tap to a **nitrogen-rich atmosphere** at high temperatures. This creates a harder, more wear-resistant surface with better sliding properties. It's especially useful for materials like cast iron, high-perlite steels, titanium alloys, and silicon-rich aluminum alloys.
#### Vaporizing
Vaporizing is a **steam treatment** that creates a crystalline iron oxide layer on the surface. This reduces friction and improves lubricant adhesion, preventing issues like built-up edges and cold welding. However, it's only suitable for **iron-based materials**.
#### Calduring
Calduring combines **nitriding and vaporizing** to offer the benefits of both processes. It's ideal for tough and abrasive materials, enhancing both hardness and surface quality.
#### Hard Chromium Plating
This process applies a **hard chrome layer** through electrolysis, improving sliding properties and reducing surface roughness. It's often used for machining **low-strength materials** like copper and its alloys, but the temperature must stay below 250°C for optimal results.
### The Most Common Screw Tap Coatings
Coatings are an effective way to improve surface properties while being both **ecologically and economically advantageous**. One of the most common methods used is **PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition)**, which involves depositing the coating material in a vacuum environment.
#### The PVD Process
PVD is a **vacuum-based coating method** where the coating material is first vaporized and then condensed onto the tool. This creates a thin, durable layer that enhances performance.
#### TiN (Titanium Nitride)
TiN has a **gold-yellow color**, micro-hardness of 2,200 HV, and can withstand temperatures up to 600°C. It's a general-purpose coating used for soft to medium-hard steels, cast iron, and non-ferrous metals. Tools with TiN can be recoated up to five times.
#### TiCN (Titanium Carbonitride)
TiCN is extremely hard and tough, with a micro-hardness of 3,000 HV and heat resistance up to 400°C. It’s gray-violet in color and ideal for high-strength steels and abrasive materials. It offers excellent impact resistance but requires proper cooling due to its limited heat tolerance.
#### TiAIN (Titanium Aluminum Nitride)
TiAIN has a **black-violet appearance**, a micro-hardness of 3,300 HV, and can handle temperatures up to 800°C. Its **high chemical stability and heat resistance** make it perfect for high-speed cutting and difficult-to-machine materials. Like TiN, it can also be recoated multiple times.
#### Other Coatings
There are many other options available, such as the **X. TREME coating**, which combines the properties of TiN, TiCN, and TiAIN. It’s ideal for dry machining when paired with a glide layer. **CrN (Chromium Nitride)** offers excellent thermal stability and corrosion resistance, appearing silver-gray in color.
If you’re still unsure which surface treatment or coating is right for your project, feel free to contact us. Our team at BAER is here to help you find the best solution. All these options are available in our online shop, or we can quickly produce custom-coated taps based on your specifications.