1. Recognize the characteristics of LED Today, it seems that the world's attention is focused on the new light source of LED, known as the 21st century green lighting products, and even people predict that the future will largely replace the traditional light source. Because of its long life, short start-up time, solid structure, energy saving, close to the light source of the light-emitting body (in favor of LED lighting design), thin lamps, large selection of lamp materials, no need for emitters, low voltage, no UV radiation, Especially in the public environment, the use of more secure features. In addition, the production of LED light sources can be realized without mercury, which is more important for environmental protection and energy conservation.
The traditional LED is mainly used in signal display field, building aviation obstruction light, navigation light, automobile signal light, and instrument backlight illumination. Nowadays, entertainment, indoor and outdoor use of buildings, urban beautification and landscape lighting are more and more widely used.
2. LED light pattern design and application LED as a new light source, has its own light mechanism and characteristics. The advantages of LED in secondary optical design are the problems that must be paid attention to in product development.
2.1 Surface Luminescence The combined design of LEDs allows the formation of self-illuminating forms of point luminescence, line luminescence, and surface luminescence. Luminaires do not need to have a high surface brightness, and soft diffuse light tends to be oriented in the environment. Line-emitting LEDs are used for contour lighting in many cases. The products need to be serialized. Depending on the shape, height, and ambient brightness of the building, products with different pipe diameters and different surface brightnesses are required. Surface-emitting LEDs are assembled with modular LEDs to create a luminous surface. In interior design, this kind of product can become the main decorative element in the room and it can also be used in floor lighting.
2.2 Lateral Light Emitting The LED is linearly mounted on the side of a transparent, light-transmissive medium, such as glass, and the entire surface of the glass is softly illuminated by the full emission of light. This decorative effect can illuminate the logo and can also be used in the main visual center of the hotel lobby, such as stairs. Of course, the material of the stairs must be transparent. The lighting of glass painting can also adopt this kind of lighting method to show the art paintings that have been corroded by acid on glass, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .
2.3 Projection Light The illumination pattern of the projected light can be either fan-shaped or parallel. This is exactly what LED lighting fixtures can do. The fan-shaped light beam is used to illuminate the vertical cylinder or window wall, and the parallel light beam can illuminate the continuous wall surface to form diffuse light illumination.
2.4 Dynamic Changes in Decoration - The control of color, light intensity, and time RGB technology will make LED colors theoretically innumerable. The luminous intensity and color of the LED's light produce dynamic changes of the pre-programming design, demonstrating the movement of light, which mainly depends on the combination of digital control techniques. Lighting designers and architects have recognized the powerful and changeable effects of LEDs, especially in terms of control and beautification. Their application to LEDs has also accelerated the development of LEDs. Using a controller designed for LED full-color luminaires, through computer programming, it is possible to control the luminaire to perform color changes and rapid color action changes synchronously or asynchronously. As shown in Figure 3.
3. LED indoor and outdoor lamp list At present, the application of LED lighting project is limited to decorative, with the increase of LED power, white LED will gradually replace the traditional light source, applied to all aspects of functional lighting.
3.1 Indoor Lighting 3.1.1 Ceiling Lamp 0.5 ~ 8W low power indoor ceiling LED lamps, coupled with frosted glass lens, its small form factor, in the dining, bar class space will find its place. Lamps can be in the form of downlights, recessed, ceiling-mounted, under-illuminated, transmissive-directional, or miniaturized lamps, such as mini-types. Accessories can be made into a series of colored decorative rings (sealing rings), as shown in the figure. 4, shown in Figure 5.
3.1.2 Work Lights Lamps such as desk lamps for work lighting can change the shape of traditional desk lamps and bring new design ideas to industrial design. This kind of partial lighting can also play a role in the hidden lighting at the furniture kitchen console.
3.1.3 Decorative dark light fixtures with adjustable dim light direction.
3.1.4 Pattern beam light fixtures precisely design light outlets to control the length of the light spot. Combining these light fixtures can be a different kind of light art work in the room.
3.1.5 Traffic Directional Symbol Lighting 3.1.6 Nighttime Long Light The small, long-lit lamps in the room.
3.2 Outdoor Lighting Fixtures 3.2.1 Wall or Cylinder Floodlights According to the modern architectural exterior lighting requirements, the miniaturization of floodlights is a trend in the development of floodlights. The light output port may be one-way or two directions. Lamps can be grouped together to meet the needs of serialization of light effects. These lamps can also be used for green lighting, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7.
3.2.2 Floor Luminaires The use of LED light sources for floor fixtures can be miniaturized. On the one hand can be used as ambient lighting (power 4 ~ 8W), on the other hand can be used as self-illuminating decorative lighting or guided lighting (power 3 ~ 8W). According to the specific ground pavement, the light output of the lamps can be large or small. The built-in stone lamps, floor tiles, and the square shape of natural cut edges are consistent with the paving stone, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
3.2.3 Linear self-illumination lamps The outline lighting effect of LEDs can replace the traditional magnesium deuterium lamp, and it has special effects of changing flow through the change of color.
3.2.4 Partially under-illuminated wall-mounted light fixtures for illuminating the tread of a floor or a staircase.
3.2.5 Decorative Lawn Lamps The design of the lawn lamp has a design meaning, and the light-emitting parts are designed into rings and other structures, partially illuminating the lawn; at the same time, it becomes a decorative element in the environment, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 .
3.2.6 Underwater lights LED Underwater lights are placed under water for illumination of water bodies with an IP index of 68.
4. LED application direction in the lighting project 4.1 Building facade lighting Projection of a certain area of ​​the building, is nothing more than the use of a controlled beam of light and the direction of the shape of the cast light lamps, which is fully consistent with the concept of traditional floodlights . However, due to the small and thin LED light sources, the development of linear projection lamps will undoubtedly become a major highlight of LED projection lamps, because many buildings do not have a place to place traditional floodlights. It is easy to install and can be installed horizontally or vertically. It better integrates with the building's surface, creating a new lighting vocabulary for lighting designers and expanding the creative space. It will also have an impact on the lighting practices of modern buildings and historic buildings, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
4.2 Landscape Lighting Because LED is not a glass bulb like a traditional lamp, it can be organically combined with urban street furniture. Lights can be illuminated in urban leisure spaces such as paths, stairs, decks, waterfronts, and gardening. For flowers or low shrubs, LEDs can be used as light sources for illumination. LED recessed floodlights are especially popular. The fixed end can be designed as a plug-in type, depending on the height and direction of the plant growth.
4.3 Signage and Indicative Lighting Spaces that need to be spatially limited and guided, such as separate display of road pavement, local lighting of stairways, indication lighting of emergency exits, can use LED self-illuminating buried lights with appropriate surface brightness or embedded vertical Wall luminaires, such as floor guide lights in the auditorium auditorium or lights on the side of the seat, and guide lights on the floors in the shopping center. In addition, compared with neon, LED has low voltage, no fragile glass, no increase in cost due to bending, and it is worth promoting in logo design.
4.4 Indoor space display lighting As for the lighting quality, since the LED light source has no heat, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, it will not damage the exhibits or goods. Compared with the traditional light sources, the lamps do not need additional filter devices, and the lighting system is simple and the cost is low. Easy to install. Its precise lighting can be used as a substitute for museum fiber optic lighting. The commercial lighting metropolitan area uses colored LEDs. Indoor and outdoor decorative white LEDs combined with indoor decoration provide auxiliary lighting for indoor use. Concealed light strips can use LEDs, which is particularly advantageous for low spaces.
4.5 Entertainment Venues and Stage Lighting Due to the dynamic nature of LEDs, digital control of color, brightness, and dimming, active saturated colors can create static and dynamic lighting effects. From white light to any color in the full spectrum, the use of LEDs opens up new ideas in the lighting of such spaces. The long-life, high lumen maintenance value of 10,000 hours still maintains 90% of the light, compared with the 50 to 250 hours of life of PAR lamps and metal halide lamps, reducing maintenance costs and frequency of light source replacement. In addition, LED overcomes the phenomenon of color shift after the metal halide lamp is used for a period of time. Compared to PAR lamps, there is no heat radiation that can make the space more comfortable. At present, the application of LED color decorative wall in restaurant construction has become common practice.
4.6 Video Screen The full-color LED display is the most eye-catching outdoor large-scale display device in the world today. It adopts advanced digital video processing technology and has unparalleled large area and ultra-high brightness. According to different indoor and outdoor environments, various light elements are used to achieve different brightness, color, and resolution to meet various applications. It can dynamically display graphic and animation information, using multimedia technology, can play all kinds of multimedia files. The most influential LED display in the world today is the New York Stock Exchange of Manhattan Times Square in the United States. In total, 18,777,760 LEDs are used, covering an area of ​​10,736 square feet. The screen can be divided into multiple screens. At the same time, it shows the market conditions of the Wall Street stock market at a glance. In addition, the rise of the Aurora International Headquarters in Lujiabang Financial Center in Pudong, Shanghai. The entire building facing Puxi is fitted with a 100m long LED screen, totaling an area of ​​3,600 square meters. It is the first in the world.
4.7 Integration with Industrial Design LED is the darling of European product designers in recent years. They use LED as a part of product design elements, galloping in the imagination space, combining light, glass or other materials into a beautiful art. Products.
5. Problems to be solved in the development of LED products LED is the most promising field of high-tech lighting in the 21st century. As a new type of high-efficiency solid-state light source, it has significant advantages such as long life, energy saving, and environmental protection. It will be another leap in the history of lighting for incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and high-pressure gas discharge lamps. A relatively complete industrial chain has been preliminarily formed in several aspects such as epitaxial production of semiconductor lighting products, chip manufacturing, device packaging, and integrated applications. However, there are many constraints in the realization of LED functional illumination in white light lighting. Therefore, in the current situation, we hope to send LED lighting products development and design:
5.1 Meet people's individual needs for lighting The modularity of LED brings convenience to lighting design. The designer can make the LED in good working condition by fully and rationally layout. LED's products are dwarfed by traditional light sources in meeting individualized lighting, and the diversification of LED product shapes will reach an unprecedented level.
5.2 Surface-emitting LED products Considering the building's modular surface-emitting LEDs must be combined with urban design and architectural design to meet the designer's needs. For example, as a nighttime decoration for a floor covering, the size of the product is coordinated with the size of the floor tile, that is, it meets the requirements of the modulus: 150×15; 200×200; 200×100; 300×300; 400×200.
5.3 Low Power LED Lighting Design Urban night lighting is not the brightness, but the creative design of the art. Low power LED products should be able to find his place. LED with small light emitting angle is strong in directionality and can be used as local focused lighting. The problem is to provide designers with a large enough range of choices and aesthetic requirements. It can be said with certainty that LED will lead the fashion and trend of lighting in the future.
5.4 Environmental Protection and Energy Saving, LED The concept of green lighting is the global eco-design goal. If the combination of LED and solar cells, will expand the scope and location of LED applications.
5.5 High-power, high-efficiency, high color rendering white LED lighting products research and development The use of LED in the field of lighting is currently limited by the level of technology and price, at present, China's LED applications in the field of lighting is the difficulty of LED white light efficiency is not high ( 20Lm/W or so), power is not large (tens of watts to a watt), expensive. However, the development prospect of white LEDs is promising, the luminous efficiency will reach 125Lm/W, and the output power of a single chip will reach 10W. The research of high-power, high-brightness LED integrated packaging technology, including the development of drive circuits and special lamps, is undoubtedly the ultimate LED The key to the lighting field. Once the light efficiency and price issues are resolved, LED will be the main body of future lighting.
LED applications in lighting projects Over the past 10 years, LEDs have undergone significant changes in color variety, brightness, and power. With its stunning and delightful applications, LEDs are playing an unparalleled role in the lighting of indoor and outdoor cities. The lifetime of the LED is as long as 100,000 hours, which means that it can work for 8 hours every day and it can have 35 years of maintenance-free theoretical protection. Low-voltage operation can achieve almost 100% light output. When dimming, it can be as low as zero output. Thousands of light colors can be combined. The light emitting area can be very small and can be made into 1 square millimeter. After the secondary optical design, the lighting fixture achieves the desired light intensity distribution. The rapid development of LED technology will bring new possibilities for lighting design and application, which is impossible for many traditional light sources.