Tác dụng của polymer trong xử lý nước thải

What is Polymer Chemical?

Polymers are large chemical compounds made up of repeating units called monomers linked together into long chains. Common examples of polymers in daily life include plastics and rubber. The key feature of polymers is the repetition of monomers in a chain, giving them strength and flexibility.

Polymers have unique properties such as high viscosity and good absorption. These characteristics make them useful in many applications. Some types of polymers can form gels when dissolved in water, helping control sedimentation and solid separation during wastewater treatment.

With their unique structure and versatility, polymers are widely used in various industries. They are not only applied in wastewater treatment but also in the production of packaging and construction materials. This diversity highlights the value and potential of polymers across multiple fields.

Characteristics of Polymers in Wastewater Treatment

Polymers have important features that enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment. Their large molecular weight helps create strong networks, absorbing and settling pollutants more effectively, especially suspended solids.

Viscosity is also an important factor; when dissolved in water, polymers increase viscosity, creating favorable conditions for flocculation and removal of impurities. However, viscosity must be adjusted properly to avoid affecting the treatment process.

The pH of the solution also affects polymer performance, as they work best within a certain pH range, ensuring optimal absorption and waste treatment capabilities.

Working Mechanism

During coagulation, small colloidal particles floating in water, which carry electric charges that prevent them from sticking together, are neutralized by polymers. As a result, these particles begin to aggregate into small flocs.

Then, the flocculation process occurs when the small flocs continue to combine into larger flocs, which easily settle down and are removed from the water. This mechanism of polymers in wastewater treatment helps effectively remove impurities from the water.

Polymers in Wastewater and Water Supply

Polymers are widely used in wastewater treatment processes to remove pollutants, from bacteria to heavy metals. At the same time, in water supply processes, polymers help improve water quality by coagulating and flocculating, clarifying the water, ensuring that the treated water is not only clean but also safe for users. Let's explore more about these two polymer-based wastewater treatment processes.

Water Supply Process

Objective: Remove impurities, bacteria, and heavy metals to provide clean water for daily use and production.

Role of Polymers:

• Participate in the coagulation and flocculation stage.
• Help remove suspended impurities that cause water turbidity.

How It Works:

• Polymers separate suspended impurities and assist in the settling of hydroxide flocs.
• Effectively clarify the water.

Features of Polymers:

• Non-toxic and less impact on water pH.
• Help maintain safety and stability in the treatment process.

Usage Concentration:

• Anionic polymers are usually used at concentrations of 0.1 to 1g/m² for groundwater or river water, depending on the level of pollution.

Result: Ensure the treated water is not only clean but also safe, meeting standards for daily use and production.

Using Polymers in Wastewater Treatment

Objective: Polymers in wastewater treatment help remove organic, inorganic pollutants, and microorganisms to protect the environment.

Role of Polymers:

• Used before the sedimentation tank to separate suspended impurities like color, ash, and soot from exhaust gases.

Effectiveness in Certain Situations:

• Especially effective in treating circulating water in production.
• Supports the treatment of oily and greasy wastewater when combined with flotation methods (D.A.F).

Usage Concentration:

• Anionic polymers are typically used at concentrations of 1-50g/m² of wastewater.
• Cationic polymers can be used at 1-30g/m² of wastewater, depending on the pollution level.

Result: Optimize the wastewater treatment process, ensuring the treated water meets discharge standards into the environment.

Classification of Polymers in Wastewater Treatment

Polymers are classified into three main groups: anionic, cationic, and amphoteric polymers, each with its own structure and application in wastewater treatment.

Anionic Polymers (Negatively Charged)

Anionic polymers have a structure consisting of long molecular chains with negative charges, commonly used to coagulate and settle suspended solids in wastewater. Due to their ability to interact with positively charged particles, anionic polymers help remove impurities from water efficiently.

Anionic polymers are dissolved in water to create a base solution, then pumped into the treatment system as required.

• The concentration of the base solution is usually between 0.01 – 0.2% by weight.
• The dosing system operates automatically continuously.
• The concentration used during treatment ranges from 0.1 to 50 ppm.

The main applications of anionic polymers include industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, where the wastewater often contains heavy metals, organic compounds, and suspended solids.

Cationic Polymers (Positively Charged)

Cationic polymers have a structure with positive charges, allowing them to strongly interact with negatively charged colloidal particles and suspended solids in wastewater. This type of polymer is very effective in treating wastewater containing oils, fats, and difficult-to-degrade organic substances.

Cationic polymers are dissolved in water to form a base solution, which is then introduced into the wastewater treatment system.

• The concentration of the base solution is usually 0.01 – 0.2% by weight.
• The dosing system always operates in automatic mode, with usage concentrations ranging from 0.1 – 20 ppm.

Cationic polymers are commonly used in industries such as chemical production, textile, paper, and domestic wastewater treatment, helping the coagulation and sedimentation process occur quickly.

>>> Learn more: Cationic resin 220Na helps effectively reduce water hardness

Amphoteric Polymers

• Unique Ability: Amphoteric polymers can carry both negative and positive charges on the same molecule, allowing them to adapt well to complex wastewater conditions.
• Application: Often used in wastewater treatment processes with difficult-to-treat impurities, including industrial and domestic wastewater.
• Effectiveness: The strong adsorption and sedimentation ability of amphoteric polymers enhances treatment efficiency, especially in cases where the pH or pollutant concentration of the wastewater changes significantly.

Applications of Polymers

Polymers have many important applications in different fields, especially in water treatment and industry. In the field of water treatment, polymers are used to treat surface water, river water, and groundwater, helping remove dissolved impurities such as Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺.

Polymers play an important role in industrial wastewater treatment, especially in high-concentration sources with many suspended particles and positively charged particles. They are highly effective in steel mills, electroplating plants, and coal washing wastewater treatment.

Polymers play a crucial role in wastewater treatment due to their ability to coagulate, settle, and remove pollutants effectively. Using polymers correctly helps save costs, time, and reduce negative environmental impacts. To learn more about chemicals and water treatment equipment, contact Môi Trường Song Phụng for detailed consultation.

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